A Realistic Assessment of a Marine Biologists Earning Potential

Do you think you want to be a marine biologist? An important consideration might be what amount youll earn. It is a tricky question, as marine biologists perform a variety of jobs, and what they are paid depends on what they do, who employs them, their level of education, and experience. What Does a Marine Biologist's Job Entail? The term marine biologist is a very general term for someone who studies or works with animals or plants that live in salt water. There are thousands of species of marine life, so while some marine biologists do well-recognized jobs like training marine mammals, the vast majority of marine biologists do other things. This includes studying the deep sea, working in aquariums, teaching at a college or university, or even studying the tiny microbes in the ocean. Some jobs may involve tasks as odd as studying whale poop  or whale breath. What Is a Marine Biologist's Salary? Because the jobs of a marine biologist are so wide-ranging, their salary is also. A person that has focused on marine biology in college may first get an entry-level technician job helping a researcher in a lab or in the field (or rather, out in the ocean). These jobs may pay an hourly wage (sometimes minimum wage) and may or may not come with benefits. Jobs in marine biology are competitive, so often a potential marine biologist will need to get experience through a volunteer position or internship before they can get a paying job. To get additional experience, marine biology majors may want to get a job on a boat (e.g., as a crew member or naturalist) or even at a veterinarians office where they can learn more about anatomy and working with animals. More established marine biologists may earn from about $35,000 to about $80,000 annually. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median pay in 2017 was $62,290, but they lump the marine biologists in with all zoologists and wildlife biologists. In many organizations and universities, a marine biologist will have to write grants to supply funding for their salaries.  Those working in non-profit organizations may need to assist with other types of fundraising in addition to grants, such as meeting with donors or running fundraising events. Should You Become a Marine Biologist? Most marine biologists  do their jobs because they love the work. It is a benefit in itself, even though compared to some other jobs, they dont make a lot of money, and the work is not always steady. So you should weigh the benefits of a job as a marine biologist (e.g., often working outside, travel opportunities, trips to exotic locations, working with marine life) with the fact that jobs in marine biology generally pay fairly modestly. The job outlook for 2016-2026 showed positions for wildlife biologists were expected to grow at a rate of eight percent, which is approximately as fast as for all jobs in general. Many positions are funded from government sources, so they are limited by ever-changing governmental budgets. You will need to be good at science and biology to complete the education necessary to become a marine biologist.  You need at least a bachelors degree, and for many positions, they will prefer a person with a masters degree or doctorate. That will entail many years of advanced study and tuition expenses. Even if you dont choose marine biology as a career, you still may get to work with marine life. Many aquariums, zoos, rescue and rehabilitation organizations, and conservation organizations look for volunteers, and some positions may involve working directly with, or at least on behalf of, marine life.

Measurement and Analysis for Business Decision Making through Similari Statistics Project

Essays on Measurement and Analysis for Business Decision Making through Similarities and Differences of Analysis of Variance and the T-Test Statistics Project The paper â€Å"Measurement and Analysis for Business Decision Making through Similarities and Differences of Analysis of Variance and the T-Test† is a   fascinating variant of statistics project on statistics. According to Girden, when applying the one-way Anova test, it is important to note that the F value can only be proven reliable under certain assumptions. These assumptions are:values in each group assume a normal curvepossibilities of different population meansstandard deviations of populations are equalTwo-way Analysis of varianceThe two-way Anova test is more or less an extension of one-way Anova (Kothari 256). It is employed to examine the kind of influence various independent variables have on just a single dependent variable. As one-way Anova determines the considerable effect one independent variable has, two-way Anova measures the same effects in cases involving several independent variables each with its own multiple observations (Kothari 257). In addition to determining the major effects each independent variable contributes, the two-way ANOVA test identifies any considerable interaction effect existing among independent variable.A researcher might for instance want to examine the effect that sex and race have on wages. The researcher may further want to elaborate if disparities in wages are due to differences in sex alone or differences in race alone or if differences are attributable to certain combinations of both race and sex – do interaction effects exist?Example: A research was carried out to determine the impact of high protein meal on physical performance in adolescents during a fitness test. Half of the students were given high protein breakfast while the other have had low protein breakfast. All subjects underwent a fitness test afterward and the results recorded. Better performance was represented by high scores.Question: Are there significant effects or interaction effect?Answer: We first create an Anova table;From t he values of F, it is clear that there are considerable effects for protein levels (F=8.89 (1,16), p.01). Significant effects also appeared for gender (F=20.00 (1,16), p.01). However, there was not a major interaction effect (F=2.22 (1,16), not significant). Therefore based on the above data, it is possible to conclude that high protein meals will result in high fitness scores. Also, young men appear to have considerably high fitness scores than their women counterparts.Nested Analysis of varianceAnother type would be the nested analysis of variance. This is normally used when the researcher has a single measurement variable and more than two nominal variables (Kothari 270). Nesting therefore means that each value of individual nominal variables can only be found in assemblage with just one value of a nominal variable that is at a higher level. Each group in nested ANOVA is split into subgroups, making it an extension of the one-way ANOVA test. Theoretically, the choosing of these s ubgroups is done at random and from a bigger category of subgroups (Acock 189). A good example would be in testing the null hypothesis â€Å"stress and calm rats both have a similar amount of glycogen in their muscles.† If the researcher a number of stressed rats, a number of calm rats and a single glycogen measurement extracted from each rat, then one-way ANOVA would be appropriate. However, the researcher may not know the reasons behind such variations and this is where nested ANOVA comes in handy. Its application will make it possible to group the rat cages into stressed and calm rats, and every cage would represent a subgroup with each rat’s glycogen level of one rat representing one observation in that particular subgroup. This example is a two-level nested ANOVA with the first level being the groups and the subgroups, the various cages, representing the second level. Nested ANOVA gives room for the addition of more levels that can be added when in case of accurac ies are of concern. It is, however, important to note that if the different levels are distinctions with apparent interests and not random, then it would be wise to avoid the use of nested ANOVA (Acock 191).

Rheumatoid Arthritis Essay Example For Students

Rheumatoid Arthritis Essay Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that sauses chronic inflammation of the joints. Rhematiod arthritis can also cause inflammation of the tissue around the joints, as well as other organs in the body. Autoimmune diseases are illnesses which occur when the body tissues are mjistakenly attacked by its own immune system. The immune system is a complex organization of cells and antibodies designed normally to seek and destroy invaders of the body, particularly infections. Patients with these diseases have antibodies in their blood which target their own body tissues, where they can be associated with inflammation. Because it can affect multiple other organs of the body, rheumatoid arthritis is referred to as a systemic illness and is sometimes called rheumatoid disease. While rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic illness, meaning it can last for years, patients may experience long periods without symptoms. Typically, however, rheumatoid arthritis is a progressive illness that has the potential to cause joint destruction and functional disability. A joint is where two bones meet to allow movement of body parts. Arthritis means join inflammation. The join inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis causes swelling, pain ,stiffness, and redness in the joints. The inflammation of rheumatoid disease can also occur in tissues around the joints, such as the tendons, ligaments, and muscles. In some patienst with rheumatoid arthritis, chronic inflammation leads to the destruction of the cartilage, bone and ligaments causing deformity of the joints. Damage to the joint can occur early in the disease and be progressive. Moreover, studies have shown that the progressive damage to the joints does not necessarily correlate with the degree of pain, stiffness, or swelling present in the joints. Rheumatoid arthritis is a common rheumatic disease, affecting more than two million people in the United States. The disease is three times more common in women as in men. It afflicts people of all races equally. The disease can begin at any age, but most often starts after age forty and before sixty. In some families, multiple members can be affected, suggesting a genetic basis for the disorder. The cause of rheumatoid arthritis is unknown. Even though infectious agents such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi have long been suspected, none has been proven as the cause. The cause of rheumatoid arthritis is a very active area of worldwide research. Some scientists believe that the tendency to develop rheumatoid arthritis may be genetically inherited. It is suspected that certain infections or factors in the environment might trigger the immune system to attack the bodys own tissues, resulting in inflammation in various organs of the body such as the lungs or eyes.